Soviet Union Aftermath of World War II

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ruins in stalingrad, typical of destruction in many soviet cities.


the soviet union suffered enormous losses in war against germany. soviet population decreased 27 million during war; of these, 8.7 million combat deaths. 19 million non-combat deaths had variety of causes: starvation in siege of leningrad; conditions in german prisons , concentration camps; mass shootings of civilians; harsh labour in german industry; famine , disease; conditions in soviet camps; , service in german or german-controlled military units fighting soviet union. population not return pre-war level 30 years.


soviet ex-pows , civilians repatriated abroad suspected of having been nazi collaborators, , 226,127 of them sent forced labour camps after scrutiny soviet intelligence, nkvd. many ex-pows , young civilians conscripted serve in red army. others worked in labour battalions rebuild infrastructure destroyed during war.


the economy had been devastated. quarter of soviet union s capital resources destroyed, , industrial , agricultural output in 1945 fell far short of pre-war levels. rebuild country, soviet government obtained limited credits britain , sweden; refused assistance offered united states under marshall plan. instead, soviet union compelled soviet-occupied eastern europe supply machinery , raw materials. germany , former nazi satellites made reparations soviet union. reconstruction programme emphasised heavy industry detriment of agriculture , consumer goods. 1953, steel production twice 1940 level, production of many consumer goods , foodstuffs lower had been in late 1920s.


the immediate post-war period in europe dominated soviet union annexing, or converting soviet socialist republics, countries captured red army driving german invaders out of central , eastern europe. new soviet satellite states rose in poland, bulgaria, hungary, czechoslovakia, romania, albania, , east germany; last of these created soviet zone of occupation in germany. yugoslavia emerged independent communist state allied not aligned soviet union, owing independent nature of military victory of partisans of josip broz tito during world war ii in yugoslavia. allies established far eastern commission , allied council japan administer occupation of country while establishment allied control council, administered occupied germany. in accordance potsdam conference agreements, soviet union occupied , subsequently annexed strategic island of sakhalin.








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