Biosynthesis Steviol glycoside

though there several molecules fall category of steviol glycoside, synthesis follows similar route. synthesis of steviol glycoside begins isoprene units created via dxp or mep pathway. 2 molecules derived primary metabolism, pyruvate , glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, initial molecules pathway.

upon forming ipp , dmapp, diterpene ggpp formed via head-to-tail addition sn1 mechanism. elongation begins when ipp , dmapp form geranyl pyrophosphate (gpp). gpp elongates through same sn1 mechanism create farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp), , fpp elongates form ggpp.

with formation of ggpp cyclization occurs enzymes copalyl diphosphate synthase (cdps) , kuarene synthase (ks) form -(-)kuarene. several oxidation steps occur form steviol.

steviol glycoside biosynthesis follows several modifications steviol regioselectively select sugar molecules placed.

once these molecules glycosylated, glycosides stored in vacuoles.