Councilor Pensionary Politics and government of the Dutch Republic

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johan de witt, raadpensionaris of holland 1653-1672


most of other provinces (except friesland, government differed significantly) had own pensionary. however, none of them had ability build power , influence of holland s given holland s influence in generality.


the office of councillor pensionary continuation of office of land s advocate of holland (landsadvocaat). office shared many of functions councillor pensionary, chairing meetings of states of holland, acting in committee them, preparing business , agendas, acting speaker nobility, , acting legal counselor , head of bureaucracy. office started in 14th century , ended in 1619, when title renamed councillor pensionary in response crisis of year between states of holland, represented johan van oldenbarnevelt , stadtholder, prince maurice, states lost.








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