Paleolithic History of the Basques

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map of franco-cantabrian region, showing main caves mural art



horse paintings on walls of cave ekain (ekainberri), near azpeitia


about 35,000 years ago, lands basque country, neighbouring areas such aquitaine , pyrenees, settled cro-magnon, gradually displaced region s earlier neanderthal population. settlers brought aurignacian culture them.


at stage, basque country formed part of archaeological franco-cantabrian province extended way asturias provence. throughout region, underwent similar cultural developments local variation, aurignacian culture successively replaced gravettian, solutrean, , magdalenian cultures. except aurignacian, these seem have originated in franco-cantabrian region, suggests no further waves of immigration area during paleolithic period.


within present-day basque country, settlement limited exclusively atlantic area, climatic reasons. important basque sites include following:



santimamiñe (biscay): gravettian, solutrean , magdalenian remains, mural art
bolinkoba (biscay): gravettian , solutrean
ermitia (gipuzkoa): solutrean , magdalenian
amalda (gipuzkoa): gravettian , solutrean
koskobilo (gipuzkoa): aurignacian , solutrean
aitzbitarte (gipuzkoa): aurignacian, gravettian, solutrean , magdalenian
isturitz (lower navarre): gravettian, solutrean , magdalenian, mural art
gatzarria (soule): aurignacian , gravettian






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