Civil War Francis Preston Blair Jr.

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general blair , staff


immediately after south carolina s secession in december 1860, blair, believing southern leaders planning carry neutral missouri movement, began active efforts prevent it. organized , equipped force of several thousand strong home guard, drawn wide awakes, republican marching clubs of 1860 presidential campaign, , members of german gymnastic movement in st. louis, turnverein. when tensions rose, blair , captain (later brigadier general) nathaniel lyon transferred arms in u.s. arsenal @ st. louis alton, illinois. on may 10, 1861, lyon, home guards , u.s. regular army company, captured several hundred secessionist state militia had been positioned seize arsenal. camp jackson affair gave federal cause decisive initial advantage in missouri inflamed secessionist sentiments in state.


open warfare between union forces , followers of pro-southern missouri governor claiborne jackson imminent. avoid this, general william s. harney, army commander in missouri, agreed price-harney truce missouri state guard commander sterling price on 21 may.


blair objected, , contacted republican leaders in washington. within few weeks, harney replaced lyon temporary commander. lyon drove jackson , price southwestern corner of missouri before killed @ battle of wilson s creek, while blair helped organize new all-unionist state government, , john c. frémont took on u.s. army western department commander.


frémont himself prominent republican missouri connections. blair came regard frémont political rival, , clashed on many aspects of frémont s operations in missouri. frémont regional army commander responsible spending lot of money in great hurry supplies , equipment. blair expected of money go allies in st. louis business community, frémont , staff had own ideas. blair s bitter complaints, added waste , corruption, helped discredit frémont, replaced on november 2.


blair appointed colonel of missouri volunteers in july 1862. promoted brigadier general of volunteers in august 1862 , major general in november. after winning re-election house of representatives, blair supposedly resigned seat order lead troops on november 29, 1862, never formally submitted resignation.


in missouri, blair commanded brigade consisting of 13th illinois infantry, 29th, 30th, 31st, , 32nd missouri infantry, 58th ohio infantry, 4th company, ohio light artillery, , company c, 10th missouri cavalry.



francis preston blair jr., national statuary hall collection


blair subsequently commanded division in vicksburg campaign , in fighting chattanooga, , 1 of william t. sherman s corps commanders in final campaigns in georgia , carolinas. xvii corps engaged protecting rear areas of sherman s army until later in atlanta campaign. before left on march sea, xvii corps absorbed part of detachment of xvi corps had served sherman.








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