History Mariánské Lázně

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mariánské lázně, 1815, copper engraving


german settlers called region bohemian rulers přemyslid dynasty in 12th century.



typical buildings in town centre.


although town 2 hundred years old, locality has been inhabited longer. first written record dates 1273, when there village of Úšovice. springs first appear in document dating 1341 called auschowitzer springs belonging teplá abbey. through efforts of dr josef nehr, abbey s physician, 1779 until death in 1820 worked hard demonstrate curative properties of springs, waters began used medicinal purposes. place obtained current name of marienbad in 1808; became watering-place in 1818, , received charter town in 1868.


by 20th century, approximately 1,000,000 bottles of mineral water exported annually marienbad. water cross spring (kreuzquelle, křížový pramen) evaporated , final product sold laxative under name of sal teplensis. modern spa town founded teplá abbots, namely karl kaspar reitenberger, bought of surrounding forests protect them. under guidance of gardener václav skalník, architect jiří fischer, , builder anton turner inhospitable marshland valley changed park-like countryside colonnades, neoclassical buildings , pavilions around springs.


the name marienbad first appeared in 1786; since 1865 has been town. second period of growth, town s golden era, came. between 1870 , 1914 many new hotels, colonnades , other buildings, designed friedrich zickler, josef schaffer, , arnold heymann, constructed or rebuilt older houses. in 1872 town got railway connection town of cheb (eger) , whole austro-hungarian empire , rest of europe.


the town became 1 of top european spas, popular notable figures , rulers returned there. among them such names johann wolfgang goethe, frédéric chopin, thomas edison, richard wagner or prince friedrich of saxony, king edward vii of united kingdom, russian czar nicholas ii, , emperor franz joseph , many others. @ times, 20,000 visitors came every year.


marienbad remained popular destination between world war , world war ii. after world war ii, ethnic german population of town forcibly expelled according potsdam agreement, thereby emptying town of majority of population. after communist coup-d état in 1948; got sealed off of foreign visitors. after return of democracy in 1989 effort put restoring town original character. today not spa town popular holiday resort location among green mountains of slavkovský les , Český les, sport facilities (the town s first golf course opened in 1905 british king edward vii) , proximity other famous spa towns, such karlovy vary (carlsbad) or františkovy lázně (franzensbad).








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