Biological foundations of infants.E2.80.99 speech development Phonological development

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fig. 3. infant vocal tract: h = hard palate, s = soft palate, t = tongue, j = jaw, e = epiglottis, g = glottis; after vihman (1996)



fig. 4. adult vocal tract: h = hard palate, s = soft palate, t = tongue, j = jaw, e = epiglottis, g = glottis; after vihman (1996)


the nervous system

crying , vegetative sounds controlled brain stem, matures earlier cortex. neurological development of higher brain structures coincides developments in infants’ vocalizations. example, onset of cooing @ 6 8 weeks happens areas of limbic system begin function. limbic system known involved in expression of emotion, , cooing in infants associated feeling of contentedness. further development of limbic system might responsible onset of laughter around 16 weeks of age. motor cortex, finally, develops later abovementioned structures may necessary canonical babbling, start around 6 9 months of age.








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