Recruitment of former enemy scientists Aftermath of World War II

-


v-2 rocket launching @ peenemünde, on baltic german coast (1943).


when divisions of postwar europe began emerge, war crimes programmes , denazification policies of britain , united states relaxed in favour of recruiting german scientists, nuclear , long-range rocket scientists. many of these, prior capture, had worked on developing german v-2 long-range rocket @ baltic coast german army research center peenemünde. western allied occupation force officers in germany ordered refuse cooperate soviets in sharing captured wartime secret weapons, recovery which, in regards advanced german aviation technology , personnel, british had sent fedden mission germany contact aviation technology centers , key personnel, paralleled united states own operation lusty aviation technology personnel , knowledge recovery program.


in operation paperclip, beginning in 1945, united states imported 1,600 german scientists , technicians, part of intellectual reparations owed , uk, including $10 billion (us$123 billion in 2016 dollars) in patents , industrial processes. in late 1945, 3 german rocket-scientist groups arrived in u.s. duty @ fort bliss, texas, , @ white sands proving grounds, new mexico, “war department special employees”.


the wartime activities of operation paperclip scientists later investigated. arthur rudolph left united states in 1984, in order not prosecuted. similarly, georg rickhey, came united states under operation paperclip in 1946, returned germany stand trial @ mittelbau-dora war crimes trial in 1947. following acquittal, returned united states in 1948 , became citizen.


the soviets began operation osoaviakhim in 1946. nkvd , soviet army units deported thousands of military-related technical specialists soviet occupation zone of post-war germany soviet union. soviets used 92 trains transport specialists , families, estimated 10,000-15,000 people. related equipment moved, aim being virtually transplant research , production centres, such relocated v-2 rocket centre @ mittelwerk nordhausen, germany soviet union. among people moved helmut gröttrup , 2 hundred scientists , technicians mittelwerk. personnel taken aeg, bmw s stassfurt jet propulsion group, ig farben s leuna chemical works, junkers, schott ag, siebel, telefunken, , carl zeiss ag.


the operation commanded nkvd deputy colonel general serov, outside control of local soviet military administration. major reason operation soviet fear of being condemned noncompliance allied control council agreements on liquidation of german military installations. western observers thought operation osoaviakhim retaliation failure of socialist unity party in elections, though osoaviakhim planned before that.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Ancient Laconophilia Laconophilia

-
1 ancient laconophilia 1.1 athens 1.2 philosophers 1.3 contrary views ancient laconophilia athens in ancient athens, laconism began current of thought , feeling after persian wars. some, cimon, son of miltiades, believed athens should ally sparta against persian empire. cimon persuaded athenians send soldiers aid sparta, when helots (serfs of spartans) revolted , fortified mount ithome. spartans sent athenians home again thanks, lest democratic athenian ideas influence helots or perioeci. some athenians, disliked commerce, preferred closed society , rule of few. believed spartan constitution superior own. went far imitate spartan manners going around athens long-haired , unwashed, spartiates. plato s republic, set in 5th century bc, gives credence claim having socrates opine spartan or cretan type of political regime favorite of many . a group of extreme laconising oligarchs, known thirty tyrants, seized power in athens in 404 bc , held eleven months, assisted spartan army. rule, howe...
Read more

Ballysillan and Upper Crumlin Road Crumlin Road

-
ballysillan presbyterian church the ballysillan road leads off crumlin road , major area of loyalist housing. containing likes of silverstream , carr s glen districts, ballysillan road continues far north. circular road in turn links antrim road, began @ carlisle circus. during northern ireland troubles ballysillan noted centre loyalist paramilitary activity , home base of d company of ulster volunteer force (uvf) under command of john bingham along glenbryn, ballysillan @ centre of loyalist feud in 2003 when jimbo simpson, had been ousted head of north belfast brigade of ulster defence association (uda), attacked number of houses in area part of failed attempt retake control of brigade , force out replacement william borland. crumlin road entrance ballysillan houses historic church, ballysillan presbyterian church. due elevated , exposed location ballysillan, takes name irish language expression meaning townland of willow grove , 1 of coldest areas of city during winter. ballysilla...
Read more

Benefits Al-Anon/Alateen

-
1 benefits 1.1 problems 1.2 improvement 1.3 treatment of alcoholism benefits problems al-anon/alateen literature focuses on problems common family members , friends of alcoholics such excessive care-taking, inability differentiate between love , pity , loyalty abusers, rather problems of alcoholic. organization acknowledges members may join low self-esteem, largely side-effect of unrealistically overestimating agency , control: attempting control person s drinking behavior and, when fail, blaming other person s behavior. improvement participation in al-anon has been associated less personal blame women who, whole, engage in more initial personal blame drinking men. family members of alcoholics begin improve learn recognize family pathology, assign responsibility pathology disease, forgive themselves, accept adversely affected pathology , learn accept family members shortcomings. al-anon members encouraged keep focus on themselves, rather on alcoholic. although members believe changed ...
Read more