History Side, Turkey

1 history

1.1 alexander great
1.2 romans
1.3 decline
1.4 ecclesiastical history

history

strabo , arrian both record side founded greek settlers cyme in aeolis, region of western anatolia. occurred in 7th century bc. tutelary deity athena, head adorned coinage.

dating tenth century b.c., coinage bore head of athena (minerva), patroness of city, legend. people, piratical horde, forgot own language adopt of aborigines.

possessing harbour small-craft boats, side s natural geography made 1 of important places in pamphylia , 1 of important trade centres in region. according arrian, when settlers cyme came side, not understand dialect. after short while, influence of indigenous tongue great newcomers forgot native greek , started using language of side. excavations have revealed several inscriptions written in language. inscriptions, dating 3rd , 2nd centuries bc, remain undeciphered, testify local language still in use several centuries after colonisation. object found in excavations @ side, basalt column base 7th century bc , attributable neo-hittites, provides further evidence of site s history. name side may anatolian in origin, meaning pomegranate.

next no information exists concerning side under lydian , persian sovereignty.

alexander great

vespasian gate



temple of apollo

alexander great occupied side without struggle in 333 bc. alexander left single garrison behind occupy city. occupation, in turn, introduced people of side hellenistic culture, flourished 4th 1st century bc. after alexander s death, side fell under control of 1 of alexander s generals, ptolemy soter, declared himself king of egypt in 305 bc. ptolemaic dynasty controlled side until captured seleucid empire in 2nd century bc. yet, despite these occupations, side managed preserve autonomy, grew prosperous, , became important cultural centre.

walls of ancient theatre of side

in 190 bc fleet greek island city-state of rhodes, supported rome , pergamum, defeated seleucid king antiochus great s fleet, under command of fugitive carthaginian general hannibal. defeat of hannibal , antiochus great meant side freed overlord-ship of seleucid empire. treaty of apamea (188 bc) forced antiochus abandon european territories , cede of asia minor north of taurus mountains pergamum. however, dominion of pergamum reached de facto far perga, leaving eastern pamphylia in state of uncertain freedom. led attalus ii philadelphus construct new harbour in city of attalia (the present antalya), although side possessed important harbour of own. between 188 , 36 bc side minted own money, tetradrachms showing nike , laurel wreath (the sign of victory).

in 1st century bc, side reached peak when cilician pirates established chief naval base , centre slave-trade.

romans

the consul servilius vatia defeated these brigands in 78 bc , later roman general pompey in 67 bc, bringing side under control of rome , beginning second period of ascendancy, when established , maintained working relationship roman empire.

emperor augustus reformed state administration , placed pamphylia , side in roman province of galatia in 25 bc, after short reign of amyntas of galatia between 36 , 25 bc. side began prosperous period commercial centre in asia minor through trade in olive oil. population grew 60,000 inhabitants. period last 3rd century ad. side established slave-trading centre in mediterranean. large commercial fleet engaged in acts of piracy, while wealthy merchants paid such tributes public works, monuments, , competitions games , gladiator fights. of extant ruins @ side date period of prosperity.

one of maps (portolani) of piri reis, taken kitab-i bahriye, piri produced in several editions, supplementing in 1520, integrating subsequent editions.

side home of eustathius of antioch, of philosopher troilus, of fifth-century ecclesiastical writer philip; of famous lawyer tribonian.

decline

side began steady decline 4th century on. defensive walls not stop successive invasions of highlanders taurus mountains. during 5th , 6th centuries, side experienced revival, , became seat of bishopric of eastern pamphylia. arab fleets, nevertheless, raided , burned side during 7th century, contributing decline. combination of earthquakes, christian zealots , arab raids, left site abandoned 10th century, citizens having emigrated nearby antalya.

in 12th century, side temporarily established once more large city. inscription found on site of former ancient city shows considerable jewish population in byzantine times. however, side abandoned again after being sacked. population moved antalya, , side became known eski adalia old antalya , buried.

a hospital dating 6th century.



this portion of main street in side lined ruins of homes or shops, many of feature original mosaic tile flooring.


ecclesiastical history

as capital of roman province of pamphylia prima, side ecclesiastically metropolitan see. earliest known bishop epidaurus, presiding @ synod of ancyra, 314. others john, fourth century; eustathius, 381; amphilochius, 426-458, played important part in history of time; conon, 536; peter, 553; john, 680-692; mark, 879; theodore, 1027-1028; anthimus, present @ synod held @ constantinople in 1054; john, counsellor emperor michael vii ducas, presided @ council on worship of images, 1082; theodosius , successor nicetas, twelfth century. john, present @ synod @ constantinople in 1156. notitiae episcopatuum continued mention side metropolis of pamphylia until thirteenth century. not appear in notitia of andronicus iii. other documents learn in 1315 , time previous that, sidon had bishops of own — bishop of sinope called position, unable leave own diocese; call repeated in 1338 , 1345. in 1397 diocese united of attalia; in 1400 metropolitan of perge , attalia @ same time administrator of side.

no longer residential see, side today included in catholic church s list of titular sees.