Origins Turco-Persian tradition

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image of mahmud of ghazni in court noblemen , noblewomen convened.


before ghaznavids broke away, samanid rulership internally falling turkic servants. samanids had own guard of turkic mamluk mercenaries (the ghilman), headed chamberlain, , persian , arabic speaking bureaucracy, headed persian vizier. army largely composed of turkic mamluks. latter part of tenth century, samanid rulers gave command of army turkic generals. these generals had effective control on samanid affairs. rise of turks in samanid times brought loss of samanid southern territories 1 of mamluks, governing on behalf. mahmud of ghazni ruled on southeastern extremities of samanid territories city of ghazni. turkic political ascendancy in samanid period in tenth , eleventh centuries resulted in fall of samanid ruling institution turkic generals; , in rise of turkic pastoralists in countryside. ghaznavids (989-1149) founded empire became powerful in east since abbasid caliphs @ peak, , capital @ ghazni became second baghdad in cultural elegance. attracted many scholars , artists of islamic world. turkic ascendance power in samanid court brought turks main patrons of persianate culture, , subjugated western , southern asia, brought along culture.


the kara-khanid khanate (999-1140) @ time gaining pre-eminence on countryside. kara-khanids pastoralists of noble turkic backgrounds, , cherished turkic ways. gained strength fostered development of new turkish literature alongside persian , arabic literatures had arisen earlier.








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