Composition of peacekeeping forces Peacekeeping

irish unmil troops on patrol in liberia, july 2006.

the united nations charter stipulates assist in maintaining peace , security around world, member states of un should make available security council necessary armed forces , facilities. since 1948, 130 nations have contributed military , civilian police personnel peace operations. while detailed records of personnel have served in peacekeeping missions since 1948 not available, estimated 1 million soldiers, police officers , civilians have served under un flag in last 56 years. of march 2008, 113 countries contributing total 88,862 military observers, police, , troops.

despite large number of contributors, greatest burden continues borne core group of developing countries. ten largest troop (including police , military experts) contributing countries un peacekeeping operations of august, 2016 ethiopia (8326), india (7471), pakistan (7161), bangladesh (6772), rwanda (6146), nepal (5131), senegal (3617), burkina faso (3036), ghana (2972), egypt (2889).

as of march 2008, in addition military , police personnel, 5,187 international civilian personnel, 2,031 un volunteers, , 12,036 local civilian personnel worked in un peacekeeping missions.

as of 30 june 2014, 3,243 people on 100 countries have been killed while serving on peacekeeping missions. many of came india (157), nigeria (142), pakistan (136), ghana (132), canada (121), france (110) , united kingdom (103). thirty percent of fatalities in first 55 years of un peacekeeping occurred between 1993 , 1995.

developing nations tend participate in peacekeeping more developed countries. may due in part because forces smaller countries avoid evoking thoughts of imperialism. example, in december 2005, eritrea expelled american, russian, european, , canadian personnel peacekeeping mission on border ethiopia. additionally, economic motive appeals developing countries. rate of reimbursement un troop contributing countries per peacekeeper per month include: $1,028 pay , allowances; $303 supplementary pay specialists; $68 personal clothing, gear , equipment; , $5 personal weaponry. can significant source of revenue developing country. providing important training , equipment soldiers salaries, un peacekeeping missions allow them maintain larger armies otherwise could. 4.5% of troops , civilian police deployed in un peacekeeping missions come european union , less 1 percent united states.

women s participation in peacekeeping

security council resolution 1325 first major step taken un include women active , equal actors in “the prevention , resolution of conflicts, peace negotiations, peace-building, peacekeeping, humanitarian response , in post-conflict reconstruction , stresses importance of equal participation , full involvement in efforts maintenance , promotion of peace , security”. critique of resolution unscr 1325 proposes implementing gender mainstreaming, progress has been accomplished in area has focused on women, rather on assessing impacts of planned action on both men , women. in 2010, comprehensive 10-year impact study conducted assess success of resolution , found there limited success implementation, particularly in increasing women’s participation in peace negotiations , peace agreements, , sexual , gender-based violence has continued prevalent, despite efforts reduce it.

ghanaian women serve in un peacekeeping

in 2013 u.n. security council unanimously passed resolution 2122, among other things calls stronger measures regarding women’s participation in conflict , post-conflict processes such peace talks, gender expertise in peacekeeping missions, improved information impact of armed conflict on women, , more direct briefing council on progress in these areas. in 2013, committee on elimination of discrimination against women (cedaw), un women’s rights committee, said in general recommendation states have ratified un women’s rights convention obliged uphold women’s rights before, during, , after conflict when directly involved in fighting, and/or providing peacekeeping troops or donor assistance conflict prevention, humanitarian aid or post-conflict reconstruction committee stated ratifying states should exercise due diligence in ensuring non-state actors, such armed groups , private security contractors, held accountable crimes against women.

as of july 2016, women serve in every un peacekeeping mission either troops, police, or civilian staff. in 1993, women made 1% of deployed uniformed personnel. in 2014, out of approximately 125,000 peacekeepers, women constitute 3% of military personnel , 10% of police personnel in un peacekeeping missions, 29% of international , 17% of national staff in peacekeeping , special political missions. in 2016, 5 women leading peacekeeping missions special representatives of secretary-general.