Peacekeeping, human trafficking, and forced prostitution Peacekeeping

since 1990s, un peacekeepers have been subject of numerous accusations of abuse ranging rape , sexual assault, pedophilia , human trafficking. complaints have arisen cambodia, east timor , west africa. in bosnia-herzegovina prostitution associated trafficked women skyrocketed , operated beyond gates of u.n. compounds. david lamb, regional human rights officer in bosnia 2000 2001 claimed “the sex slave trade in bosnia largely exists because of u.n. peacekeeping operation. without peacekeeping presence, there have been little or no forced prostitution in bosnia.” in addition, hearing held u.s. house of representatives in 2002 found members of sfor frequenting bosnian brothels , engaging in sex trafficked women , underage girls.

reporters witnessed rapid increase in prostitution in cambodia, mozambique, bosnia, , kosovo after un and, in case of latter two, nato peacekeeping forces moved in. in 1996 un study called impact of armed conflict on children , former first lady of mozambique graça machel documented: in 6 out of 12 country studies on sexual exploitation of children in situations of armed conflict prepared present report, arrival of peacekeeping troops has been associated rapid rise in child prostitution .

gita sahgal spoke out in 2004 regard fact prostitution , sex abuse crops wherever humanitarian intervention efforts set up. observed issue un peacekeeping operations unfortunately seem doing same thing other militaries do. guardians have guarded .

an investigation prince zeid ra’ad zeid al-hussein, permanent representative of jordan united nations, in 2006 resulted in comprehensive report detailed of abuse in detail— particularly occurred in democratic republic of congo. sexual exploitation came in form of prostitution, wherein money (an average of $1-$3 per encounter) exchanged sex. in other instances food, or jobs utilized ply women sex. other young women reported of “rape disguised prostitution”, whereabouts peacekeepers rape them , given money or food in order make act seem consensual. between may , september 2004, there seventy-two allegations of sexual exploitation—68 against military , 4 against civilian personnel. end of 2004 there total of 105 allegations. majority of these allegations in regards sex person under age of 18 years (45 percent) , sex adult prostitutes (31 percent). rape , sexual assault made approximately 13 , 5 percent respectively, remaining 6 percent of allegations relating other forms of sexual exploitation. of allegations against peacekeepers pakistan, uruguay, morocco, tunisia, south africa, , nepal.

uruguayan president jose mujica apologized haitian president michel martelly on alleged rape of 18-year-old haitian man uruguayan un peacekeeping troops. martelly said collective rape carried out against young haitian not go unpunished. 4 soldiers suspected of being involved in rape have been detained.

in july 2007 united nations department of peacekeeping operations (dpko) confined entire contingent of 734 moroccans in ivory coast in wake of allegations had sexually abused underage girls. in following years, there 80 investigations carried out un office of internal oversight services (oios). in 2013, allegations levelled on personnel france, gabon, , burundi operating in central african republic. these include accusations of sexual abuse , exploitation of @ least 108 kemo prefecture , vast majority of cases involved minors. in 2016, more allegations of abuse levelled on peacekeepers operating in democratic republic of congo’s eastern province of north kivu. tanzania , un opened joint inquiry alleged abuse, involved tanzanian troops. there have been 18 reports of sexual abuse, 8 of involved minors. sixteen tanzanian soldiers, malawian , south african implicated in accusations. un reported in march 2016 there large increase in allegations; involved troops twenty 1 countries. of allegations involved troops african countries including: cameroon, congo, tanzania, benin, burkina faso, burundi, ghana, madagascar, niger, nigeria, rwanda, senegal , togo.