Old Republic Constitution (1891) History of the Constitution of Brazil

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rui barbosa had large influence upon text adopted 1891 constitution of brazil.


in final form, new constitution meant create lay federal state promote, above all, individual liberties, following basic principles of constitution of united states, albeit adoption of different (and more centralized) form of federalism.


the main traits of constitution were:



federalism: provinces turned states indissoluble union taken forming body politic of brazilian federation. governors (at time called state presidents) elected direct vote , fixed term of office.
separation of state , churches.
male universal suffrage (with exceptions, illiterates, beggars , members of monastic orders) , basic individual rights citizens. abolition of death penalty.
adoption of standard three-way separation of powers under presidential republic on american model; direct elections members of legislative , chief officers of executive branch. executive branch headed president of republic, elected direct voting (in preference electoral college on american model) – had four-year term , not reelected second, successive, term – , freely chosen cabinet of ministers. senate reorganized upper house of legislative branch, formed of representatives of states (as opposed representatives of people in chamber of deputies) directly elected , fixed terms of office.




^ full text of constitution available at






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