Third voyage, 1541–1542 Jacques Cartier

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the dauphin map of canada, c. 1543, showing cartier s discoveries


on october 17, 1540, francis ordered navigator jacques cartier return canada lend weight colonization project of captain general . however, january 15, 1541, saw cartier supplanted jean-françois de la rocque de roberval, huguenot courtier , friend of king named first lieutenant general of french canada. roberval lead expedition, cartier chief navigator. while roberval waited artillery , supplies, gave permission cartier sail on ahead ships.


on may 23, 1541, cartier departed saint-malo on third voyage 5 ships. time, thought of finding passage orient forgotten. goals find kingdom of saguenay , riches, , establish permanent settlement along st. lawrence river.


anchoring @ stadacona, cartier again met iroquoians, found show of joy , numbers worrisome, , decided not build settlement there. sailing few kilometres up-river spot had observed, decided settle on site of present-day cap-rouge, quebec. convicts , other colonists landed, cattle had survived 3 months aboard ship turned loose, earth broken kitchen garden, , seeds of cabbage, turnip, , lettuce planted. fortified settlement created , named charlesbourg-royal. fort built on cliff overlooking settlement, added protection.


the men began collecting believed diamonds , gold, upon return france discovered merely quartz crystals , iron pyrites, respectively — gave rise french expression: faux comme les diamants du canada ( false canadian diamonds ). 2 of ships sent on journey home of these minerals on september 2.


having set tasks everyone, cartier left longboats reconnaissance in search of saguenay on september 7. having reached hochelaga, prevented bad weather , numerous rapids continuing ottawa river.


returning charlesbourg-royal, cartier found situation ominous. iroquoians no longer made friendly visits or peddled fish , game, prowled in sinister manner. no records exist winter of 1541–1542 , information must gleaned few details provided returning sailors. seems natives attacked , killed 35 settlers before frenchmen retreat behind fortifications. though scurvy cured through native remedy (thuja occidentalis infusion), impression left of general misery, , of cartier s growing conviction had insufficient manpower either protect base or go in search of saguenay kingdom.


cartier left france in june 1542, encountering roberval , ships along newfoundland coast, @ time roberval marooned marguerite de la rocque. despite roberval s insistence accompany him saguenay, cartier slipped off under cover of darkness , continued on france, still convinced vessels contained wealth of gold , diamonds. arrived there in october, in proved last voyage. meanwhile, roberval took command @ charlesbourg-royal, abandoned in 1543 after disease, foul weather , hostile natives drove would-be settlers despair.








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