Swara Carnatic music

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swara refers type of musical sound single note, defines relative (higher or lower) position of note, rather defined frequency. swaras refer solfege of carnatic music, consist of 7 notes, sa-ri-ga-ma-pa-da-ni (compare hindustani sargam: sa-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni or western do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti). these names abbreviations of longer names shadja, rishabha, gandhara, madhyama, panchama, dhaivata , nishada. unlike other music systems, every member of solfege (called swara) has 3 variants. exceptions drone notes, shadja , panchama (also known tonic , dominant), have 1 form; , madhyama (the subdominant), has 2 forms. 7th century stone inscription in kudumiyan malai in tamil nadu shows vowel changes solfege symbols ra, ri, ru etc. denote higher quarter-tones. in 1 scale, or raga, there 1 variant of each note present. exceptions exist in light ragas, in which, artistic effect, there may two, 1 ascending (in arohanam) , descending (in avarohanam).








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