Pakistan Multinational state

present-day pakistan arose out of pakistan movement, demanded separate state muslims of british raj. movement based on two-nation theory put forward muhammad ali jinnah: idea hindus , muslims in british india represented not different religious communities distinct nations, , hence that, in event of indian independence, should divided 2 nation states. jinnah (known in pakistan quaid-e-azm , meaning great leader ) outlined theory follows:

it extremely difficult appreciate why our hindu friends fail understand real nature of islam , hinduism. not religious in strict sense of word, are, in fact, different , distinct social orders, , dream hindus , muslims can ever evolve common nationality, , misconception of 1 indian nation has troubles , lead india destruction if fail revise our notions in time. hindus , muslims belong 2 different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. neither intermarry nor interdine and, indeed, belong 2 different civilizations based on conflicting ideas , conceptions. aspect on life , of life different. quite clear hindus , mussalmans derive inspiration different sources of history. have different epics, different heroes, , different episodes. hero of 1 foe of other and, likewise, victories , defeats overlap. yoke 2 such nations under single state, 1 numerical minority , other majority, must lead growing discontent , final destruction of fabric may built government of such state.

this movement culminated in creation of pakistan in 1947 through partition of india. urdu promoted national language of south asian muslims. however, pakistan remains ethnically diverse. punjabis largest language group, @ 45 percent of population, not make absolute majority. furthermore, 8 percent of pakistanis speak national language, urdu, mother tongue. result, many nationalist movements oppose two-nation theory have emerged, arguing pakistan not linguistically diverse state multinational one, , that, therefore, each ethnolinguistic group of pakistan distinct nation. common grievances of these movements include idea punjabis dominate pakistan politically , economically, marginalizing other groups, , establishment of urdu country s sole official language form of cultural imperialism ignores heritage of pakistan s diverse peoples.

the successful of these movements bengali nationalism, led creation of bengali-speaking nation-state of bangladesh. movement asserted urdu s official status gave unfair advantage muhajirs (most of whom speak urdu mother tongue) , punjabis (whose mother tongue, punjabi, similar urdu, , many of whom educated in urdu under british rule). bengalis feared marginalized despite demographic strength as, @ time, largest ethnic group of pakistan. these grievances culminated in secession of east bengal (which had been part of administrative unit of east pakistan) , creation of bangladesh.

today, nationalist movements within pakistan include of sindhis, pashtuns, balochs, mohajirs, , kashmiris. members of these movements assert islam cannot considered sole basis nationhood, , pakistan therefore multinational state. demands range increased autonomy or transformation of pakistan federation, recognition of language rights non-urdu-speaking populations, outright secession.

despite fact punjabis seen dominant ethnic group in pakistan, both economically , politically, there small punjabi movement asserts punjabi language has been unfairly subordinated urdu , supports reestablishment of cultural , economic links east punjab in india.