Production Phonological development

1 production

1.1 stages of pre-speech vocal development

1.1.1 0-6 weeks: reflexive vocalizations
1.1.2 6-16 weeks: cooing , laughter
1.1.3 16-30 weeks: vocal play
1.1.4 6-10 months: reduplicated babbling (or canonical babbling)
1.1.5 10-14 months: nonreduplicated babbling (or variegated babbling)

production
stages of pre-speech vocal development

even though children not produce first words until approximately 12 months old, ability produce speech sounds starts develop @ younger age. stark (1980) distinguishes 5 stages of speech development:

0-6 weeks: reflexive vocalizations

these earliest vocalizations include crying , vegetative sounds such breathing, sucking or sneezing. these vegetative sounds, infants’ vocal cords vibrate , air passes through vocal apparatus, familiarizing infants processes involved in later speech production.

a 14-week-old infant cooing interacts caregiver (51 seconds)


6-16 weeks: cooing , laughter

infants produce cooing sounds when content. cooing triggered social interaction caregivers , resembles production of vowels.

16-30 weeks: vocal play

infants produce variety of vowel- , consonant-like sounds combine increasingly longer sequences. production of vowel sounds (already in first 2 months) precedes production of consonants, first consonants (e.g., [g], [k]) being produced around 2–3 months, , front consonants (e.g., [m], [n], [p]) starting appear around 6 months of age. pitch contours in infant utterances, infants between 3 , 9 months of age produce flat, falling , rising-falling contours. rising pitch contours require infants raise subglottal pressure during vocalization or increase vocal fold length or tension @ end of vocalization, or both. @ 3 9 months infants don’t seem able control these movements yet.

6-10 months: reduplicated babbling (or canonical babbling)

reduplicated babbling contains consonant-vowel (cv) syllables repeated in reduplicated series of same consonant , vowel (e.g., [bababa]). @ stage, infants’ productions resemble speech more closely in timing , vocal behaviors @ earlier stages. starting around 6 months babies show influence of ambient language in babbling, i.e., babies’ babbling sounds different depending on languages hear. example, french learning 9-10 month-olds have been found produce bigger proportion of prevoiced stops (which exist in french not english) in babbling english learning infants of same age. phenomenon of babbling being influenced language being acquired has been called babbling drift.

10-14 months: nonreduplicated babbling (or variegated babbling)

infants combine different vowels , consonants syllable strings. @ stage, infants produce various stress , intonation patterns. during transitional period babbling first word children produce “protowords”, i.e., invented words used consistently express specific meanings, not real words in children’s target language. around 12–14 months of age children produce first word.

infants close 1 year of age able produce rising pitch contours in addition flat, falling, , rising-falling pitch contours.