Operational models Würzburg radar

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würzburg d in use. quirl conical scanning antenna prominent.


several versions of basic würzburg system deployed on course of war. first, würzburg a, operated manually , required operators pinpoint target maintaining maximum signal on oscilloscope display. since signal strength changed on own various reasons being on or off target, inaccurate , required use of searchlight spot target once radar had settled on approximate position. nevertheless, 1 of first würzburgs in service directly assisted in shooting-down of aircraft in may 1940 orally relaying commands flak unit. experimental würzburg b added infra-red detector fine tuning, in general these devices proved unusable , production discontinued.



würzburg folded travel. note simple antenna system.


würzburg c featured lobe switching improve aiming accuracy. c model aimed sending signal out of 1 of 2 off-centre feed horns in middle of antenna, signal being switched rapidly between 2 horns. both returns sent oscilloscope display, delaying signal 1 of horns. result appeared 2 closely separated blips operator attempted keep @ same height on display. system offered faster feedback on changes in target position, , changes in signal strength due changes in reflection off target affected both lobes equally, eliminating common reading errors. identical system used in united states first gun-laying radar, scr-268.



details of rotating quirl dipole. flat disk on left, reflector, faces target. rotating dipole broadcasts toward reflector, reflects signal right. main antenna dish positioned out of frame on right, focus signal narrow beam facing target.


the würzburg d introduced in 1941 , added conical scanning system, using offset receiver feed called quirl (german whisk) spun @ 25hz. resulting signal offset centreline of dish, rotating around axis , overlapping in centre. if target aircraft 1 side of antenna s axis, strength of signal grow , fade beam swept across it, allowing system move dish in direction of maximum signal , thereby track target. angular resolution made smaller beam width of antenna, leading improved accuracy, on order of 0.2 degrees in azimuth , 0.3 degrees in elevation. earlier examples upgraded d model in field.


even d model not accurate enough direct laying of guns. in order provide system greater accuracy, fumg 65 würzburg-riese ( giant würzburg ) developed. based on same circuitry d model, new version featured larger 7.4 metres (24 ft) antenna , more powerful transmitter range of 70 kilometers (43 mi). azimuth , elevation accuracy 0.1-0.2 degrees, more enough direct gun-laying. system large carried on truck trailer , adapted operation railway carriage würzburg-riese-e, of 1,500 produced during war. würzburg-riese gigant large version 160 kw transmitter, never entered production.


a würzburg system @ bruneval on coast of france captured british paratroopers in operation biting, while operation bellicose bombed suspected würzburg radar factory. operation hydra bombing of peenemünde did not affect nearby giant würzburg @ lubmin guidance , control station used v-2 rocket.








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