The Andes 1801–1803 Alexander von Humboldt

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humboldt , fellow scientist aimé bonpland @ foot of chimborazo volcano, painting friedrich georg weitsch (1810)


after first stay in cuba of 3 months returned mainland @ cartagena de indias (now in colombia), major center of trade in northern south america. ascending swollen stream of magdalena river honda , arrived in bogotá on july 6, 1801 met spanish botanist josé celestino mutis, head of royal botanical expedition new granada, staying there until september 8, 1801. mutis generous time , gave humboldt access huge pictorial record had compiled since 1783. mutis based in bogotá, other spanish expeditions, had access local knowledge , workshop of artists, created highly accurate , detailed images. type of careful recording meant if specimens not available study @ distance, because images traveled, botanists did not have to. humboldt astounded @ mutis s accomplishment; when humboldt published first volume on botany, dedicated mutis, mark of our admiration , acknowledgement.



illustrations spanish botanist josé celestino mutis s work in colombia


humboldt had hopes of connecting french sailing expedition of baudin, underway, bonpland , humboldt hurried ecuador. crossed frozen ridges of cordillera real, reached quito on 6 january 1802, after tedious , difficult journey.


their stay in ecuador marked ascent of pichincha , climb of chimborazo, humboldt , party reached altitude of 19,286 feet (5,878 m). world record @ time, thousand feet short of summit. humboldt s journey concluded expedition sources of amazon en route lima, peru.


at callao, main port peru, humboldt observed transit of mercury on 9 november , studied fertilizing properties of guano, rich in nitrogen, subsequent introduction of europe due writings.








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