"Estado Novo" Constitution (1937) History of the Constitution of Brazil

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the adoption of 1937 constitution marked beginning of getúlio vargas dictatorship.



on night of november 10, 1937, vargas announced in nationwide radio address seizing emergency powers under pretext of suppressing communist-backed coup (the so-called plano cohen) on same night, promulgated new constitution transformed presidency legal dictatorship (the short interval suggesting self-coup had been planned in advance). written minister of justice, francisco campos, , proofread vargas , minister of war (joint-commander of army , air force), eurico gaspar dutra.


the constitution

the new document called polaca , or polish, constitution because inspired polish april constitution of 1935. intended consolidate powers of president, while substantially limiting powers , autonomy of congress , judiciary while dictatorial, not intended totalitarian , repressive. kept social improvements of previous constitution, , added more: right education, right culture preservation , guidelines family rights, building on civil code of 1917.


on other side, however, heavily concentrated executive power:



political parties dissolved.
state presidents (elected) replaced interventors (appointed president of republic).
mayors in turn appointed interventors.
capital punishment enforced on traitors state (a broad category).
all requirements outright dictatorship (censorship, purges, militarism, state propaganda, cult of personality , others) either required, allowed or not forbidden constitution.






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