Overtones and harmonics Piano tuning

-


schematic of vibrating string, fixed @ both ends, showing first 6 normal modes or harmonics


a stretched string vibrates in different modes, or harmonics. when piano string vibrates, harmonic modes excited simultaneously. first harmonic (or fundamental frequency) loudest, , determines pitch perceived. theoretically higher harmonics (also called overtones or partials) vibrate @ integer multiples of fundamental frequency. (e.g. string fundamental frequency of 100 hz have overtones @ 200 hz, 300 hz, 400 hz, etc.) in reality, frequencies of overtones shifted slightly, due inharmonicity caused stiffness of strings.


the relationship between 2 pitches, called interval, ratio of absolute frequencies. easiest intervals identify , tune note frequencies have simple whole-number ratio (e.g. octave 2:1 ratio, perfect fifth 3:2, etc.) because harmonics of these intervals coincide , beat when out of tune. (for perfect fifth, 3rd harmonic of lower note coincides 2nd harmonic of top note.)








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Ancient Laconophilia Laconophilia

-
1 ancient laconophilia 1.1 athens 1.2 philosophers 1.3 contrary views ancient laconophilia athens in ancient athens, laconism began current of thought , feeling after persian wars. some, cimon, son of miltiades, believed athens should ally sparta against persian empire. cimon persuaded athenians send soldiers aid sparta, when helots (serfs of spartans) revolted , fortified mount ithome. spartans sent athenians home again thanks, lest democratic athenian ideas influence helots or perioeci. some athenians, disliked commerce, preferred closed society , rule of few. believed spartan constitution superior own. went far imitate spartan manners going around athens long-haired , unwashed, spartiates. plato s republic, set in 5th century bc, gives credence claim having socrates opine spartan or cretan type of political regime favorite of many . a group of extreme laconising oligarchs, known thirty tyrants, seized power in athens in 404 bc , held eleven months, assisted spartan army. rule, howe...
Read more

Ballysillan and Upper Crumlin Road Crumlin Road

-
ballysillan presbyterian church the ballysillan road leads off crumlin road , major area of loyalist housing. containing likes of silverstream , carr s glen districts, ballysillan road continues far north. circular road in turn links antrim road, began @ carlisle circus. during northern ireland troubles ballysillan noted centre loyalist paramilitary activity , home base of d company of ulster volunteer force (uvf) under command of john bingham along glenbryn, ballysillan @ centre of loyalist feud in 2003 when jimbo simpson, had been ousted head of north belfast brigade of ulster defence association (uda), attacked number of houses in area part of failed attempt retake control of brigade , force out replacement william borland. crumlin road entrance ballysillan houses historic church, ballysillan presbyterian church. due elevated , exposed location ballysillan, takes name irish language expression meaning townland of willow grove , 1 of coldest areas of city during winter. ballysilla...
Read more

Benefits Al-Anon/Alateen

-
1 benefits 1.1 problems 1.2 improvement 1.3 treatment of alcoholism benefits problems al-anon/alateen literature focuses on problems common family members , friends of alcoholics such excessive care-taking, inability differentiate between love , pity , loyalty abusers, rather problems of alcoholic. organization acknowledges members may join low self-esteem, largely side-effect of unrealistically overestimating agency , control: attempting control person s drinking behavior and, when fail, blaming other person s behavior. improvement participation in al-anon has been associated less personal blame women who, whole, engage in more initial personal blame drinking men. family members of alcoholics begin improve learn recognize family pathology, assign responsibility pathology disease, forgive themselves, accept adversely affected pathology , learn accept family members shortcomings. al-anon members encouraged keep focus on themselves, rather on alcoholic. although members believe changed ...
Read more