Steam locomotive fire tube firebox Firebox (steam engine)

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1 steam locomotive fire tube firebox

1.1 brick arch
1.2 firetubes
1.3 sheets , stays
1.4 belpaire firebox
1.5 wootten firebox
1.6 combustion chamber
1.7 fireman s duties
1.8 gallery





steam locomotive fire tube firebox

diagramatic section through earlier steam locomotive boiler , firebox right. note boiler not fitted superheater.


in standard steam locomotive firetube type boiler, firebox surrounded water space on 5 sides. bottom of firebox open atmospheric pressure, covered fire grates (solid fuel) or firing pan (liquid fuel). if engine burns solid fuel, wood or coal, there grate covering of bottom of firebox hold fire. ashpan, mounted underneath firebox , below grates, catches , collects hot embers, ashes, , other solid combustion waste falls through grates. in coal-burning locomotive, grates may shaken clean dead ash bottom of fire. shaken either manually or (in larger locomotives) powered grate shaker. wood-burning locomotives have fixed grates can t shaken. wood ash powder fall through grates no more agitation required vibrations of locomotive rolling down track. fire grates must replaced periodically due extreme heat must endure. combustion air enters through bottom of firebox , airflow controlled damper doors above ash collection pocket of ash pan. locomotive burns liquid fuel - bunker c fuel oil or similar heavy oil - not have grates. instead, have heavy metal gauge firing pan bolted tight against bottom of firebox. firing pan covered firebrick , firebox has firebrick lining, level of firebox door, way around firebox. oil burner nozzle containing slot oil flow out onto steam jet atomizes oil fine mist ignites in firebox. oil burner nozzle mounted in front of firebox, protected hood of firebrick, , aimed @ firebrick wall below firebox door. dampers control air flow oil fire.






brick arch

there large brick arch (made fire brick) attached front wall of firebox beneath firetubes. extends backwards on front third half of firebed. supported on arch tubes, thermic syphons, or circulators. brick arch directs heat, flames, , smoke on fire towards rear of firebox. visible smoke contains unburned combustible carbon particles , combustible gasses. purpose of redirection cause more complete combustion of these particles , gasses make locomotive more efficient , causes less visible smoke emitted stack. without arch, flames , visible smoke sucked straight firetubes without having been burned, causing visible smoke emitted @ stack. brick arch , supports (arch tubes, thermic syphons, , circulators) require periodic replacement due extreme heat endure.


firetubes

firetubes attached 1 wall of firebox (the front wall longitudinal boiler, top vertical boiler) , carry hot gaseous products of combustion through boiler water, heating it, before escape atmosphere. firetubes serve additional purpose of staying flat tube (flue) sheets (front , rear) top of front flue sheet , bottom of rear flue sheet must separately braced.


sheets , stays

cutaway of locomotive firebox , boiler radial stays


the metal walls of firebox called sheets, separated , supported stays. stays support , brace sheets (plates) against pressure. ideally, should located @ right angles sheets, since outer sheet (wrapper sheet) radial , top of firebox (crown sheet) relatively flat comparison, such relationship both sheets impossible. actual location of stays compromise. since stay breakage hidden, stays have longitudinal holes, called tell-tales, drilled in them blow water , steam, revealing if broken. boiler more 5 broken stays, or 2 next each, other must taken out of service , stays replaced. fusible plugs, located in highest part of crown sheet, have soft metal alloy core melts out if water level in boiler gets low. steam , water blowing firebox both alerts locomotive crew low water condition , helps put out fire. not locomotives equipped fusible plugs. also, fusible plugs should replaced @ regular intervals, every 3 months locomotive in regular service, because soft metal alloy core melt out on time if boiler water carried @ proper levels. mudholes, or washout plugs, allow access interior of boiler washing , scraping away boiler mud , scale.


the sheets on left , right called side sheets while sheet in front of firebox flue sheet. front flue sheet in front of boiler , @ rear of smokebox. rear sheet @ of firebox , has door opening in it. crown sheet top of firebox. crown sheet must covered water @ times. if water level drops below crown sheet, become overheated , start melt , deform, sagging between crown stays. if condition continues, crown sheet forced off crown stays pressure in boiler, resulting in boiler explosion. condition, caused human error or inattention, single greatest cause of locomotive boiler explosion.


belpaire firebox

normally top of boiler (wrapper sheet) on firebox radial match contour of boiler; however, due problem of placing stays @ right angles both wrapper sheet , crown sheet (see above) belpaire firebox developed. in belpaire design, wrapper sheet parallel firebox sheets allow better placement of stays. arrangement gives firebox end of boiler more square shape , made large possible within loading gauge, offer greatest heating surface fire hottest. notable user of belpaire firebox in united states pennsylvania railroad. other railroads, such great northern , illinois central, had locomotives belpaire fireboxes. illinois central 4-6-0 #382, casey jones engine, had belpaire firebox.


wootten firebox

the wootten firebox tall , wide allow combustion of anthracite coal waste. size necessitated unusual placement of crew, examples being camelback locomotives.


combustion chamber

some fireboxes equipped so-called combustion chamber placed additional space between fire , rear flue sheet. allowed more complete combustion , increased firebox surface area greater heat transfer.


fireman s duties

the fireman s role on steam locomotive ensure driver has adequate supply of steam @ disposal @ times. achieved maintaining supply of fuel fire, , maintaining boiler water level covers firebox crown sheet @ times – otherwise, latter overheat , weaken, , boiler explosion may result. @ terminal after day s work done, fireman fill boiler water , either bank or dump fire (i.e. extinguish fire), according company policy, , chock driver wheels prevent locomotive moving while unattended.


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