Balloon flights Étienne-Gaspard Robert

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commemorative 18th century plate


robert keen balloonist designed , flew balloons in different countries around world. on 18 july 1803 in hamburg set altitude record in montgolfière. spent many flights investigating meteorological activity.


robert s 2 hydrogen-balloon flights in hamburg, third in st. petersburg , fourth in riga claimed scientific himself. in fact, did numerous observations: observations of barometer , thermometer, on shapes , altitudes of cloud formations, behaviour of parachutes @ different altitudes, evaporation of ether, electrical properties of different materials , air, behavior of magnetic needle, boiling point of water @ great altitudes, sound propagation, influence of high altitudes on animals (pigeons , butterflies), strength of solar radiation, solar spectrum, gravity properties, chemical composition of air , pressure of air.


nevertheless, close examination of results shows, many of them contradict laws of physics, known @ time of flights. prof. l.w. gilbert discussed results published robert in annalen der physik. , showed why robert wrong. example, robert claimed, spring scale attached weights showed lower weight @ altitude compared ground. such effect existing, becomes apparent @ altitudes in excess of 70,000 feet (20,000 metres).


in 1806 audience of 50,000, including royal family, gathered @ rosenborg castle in copenhagen see robert , balloon. robert flew way roskilde – remarkable feat time. event made lasting impression on hans christian Ørsted, influential danish physicist went on write series of poems flight.








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